Results

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale

Significant gains were made on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) from pre to post intervention. A statistically significant decrease in difficulties regulating emotions was observed, moving from a mean score of 95.66 (SD = 23.7) to 82.28 (SD = 15.19) post completion of the programme, t (20) = 2.31, p < .05. This change reflected a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = .5). See graph below for visual representation.

Graph: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Total Scores

Note: Higher scores indicate greater difficulties with emotion regulation

Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)

Statistically significant improvements were observed on the DASS with mean pre scores of 23.09 (SD = 11.67) decreasing to 13.43 (SD = 8.7) post completion of the programme, t (20) = 3.76, p < .01. A large effect size was observed (Cohen’s d = .82).

Graph: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Total)

There are three subscales within the DASS and the figures below show pre and post scores on each of these subscales including: “Depression”, “Anxiety”, and “Stress”. Following a series of Paired Sample T Tests, mean scores, t values, p values and effect sizes (d) for the subscales are shown in the following table.

Table: DASS Subscale Scores

Graphs: DASS Subscales

Anxiety Subscale Scores

Stress Subscale Scores Depression Subscale Scores

Scores on all three of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress subscales improved significantly from pre to post measurement, with all three reflecting medium effect sizes.