Psychosis Programme Outcome Measures

• Recovery Assessment Scale

The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS: Giffort, Schmook, Woody, Vollendorf, & Gervain, 1995) assesses service user empowerment, coping ability, and quality of life. The RAS is a 41-item survey rated on a 5-point scale from 1 “Strongly Disagree” to 5 “Strongly Agree”. Twenty four of these items make up five sub-scales: ‘Personal confidence and hope’, ‘Willingness to ask for help’, ‘Ability to rely on others’, ‘Not dominated by symptoms’ and ‘Goal and success orientation’. The RAS was found to have good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88) along with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93; Corrigan, Giffort, Rashid, Leary, & Okeke, 1999). Scale scores have been found to be positively associated with self-esteem, empowerment, social support, and quality of life, indicating good concurrent validity. It was inversely associated with psychiatric symptoms suggesting discriminant validity (Corrigan, Giffort, Rashid, Leary, & Okeke, 1999).

• Drug Attitude Inventory

The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI: Hogan, Awad & Eastwood, 1983) is commonly used to measure service users’ attitudes towards psychotropic treatment. A valid and reliable 10 item brief version of the DAI has been developed (see Nielsen, Lindstrom, Nielsen and Levander, 2012) and was used in data collection for the psychosis programme from January 2015. The DAI-10 scoring ranges from -10 to 10. Whereby a total score of >0, indicates a positive attitude toward psychiatric medications. DAI-30 and DAI-10 were homogenous (r=0.82 and 0.72, respectively) with good test–retest reliability (0.79). The correlation between the DAI versions was high (0.94).

This shorter measure was introduced to reduce client and clinician burden in completion of measures for this programme, which had previously resulted in low response rates.